Intimate partner violence during pregnancy: prevalence and associated factors

OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence of violence during pregnancy and the association with the socioeconomic, behavioral and clinical characteristics of pregnant women. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in a low-risk maternity hospital in the municipality of Cariacica, Espírito Santo. A total of 330 puerperal women were interviewed from August to October 2017. Information on socioeconomic, behavioral, reproductive and clinical characteristics, as well as life experiences, was collected through a questionnaire. To identify the types of violence, the proper World Health Organization instrument was used. Gross bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed and adjusted for Poisson regression with robust variance. RESULTS: Prevalence was 16.1% (95%CI 2.5–20.4) for psychological violence, 7.6% (95%CI 5.1–11.0) for physical violence and 2.7% (95%CI 1.4–5.2) for sexual violence. Psychological violence remained associated with age, family income, beginning of sexual life, disease in pregnancy, desire to interrupt pregnancy and number of partners. Physical violence was associated with schooling, beginning of sexual life and disease in pregnancy. Sexual violence remained associated with marital status and desire to interrupt pregnancy (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Psychological violence by an intimate partner was the most prevalent among pregnant women. Women that were younger, had lower income and less schooling, who started their sexual life before the age of 14 and who wished to interrupt pregnancy, experienced violence more frequently during pregnancy.OBJETIVO: Identificar a prevalência das violências durante a gestação e verificar a associação com as características socioeconômicas, comportamentais e clínicas da gestante. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal em uma maternidade de baixo risco do município de Cariacica, Espírito Santo. Foram entrevistadas 330 puérperas de agosto a outubro de 2017. Informações sobre as características socioeconômicas, comportamentais, reprodutivas e clínicas, assim como experiências de vida, foram coletadas por meio de questionário. Para identificar os tipos de violência, foi utilizado o instrumento da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Foi realizada análise bivariada e multivariada bruta e ajustada por regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. RESULTADOS: As prevalências foram 16,1% (IC95% 2,5–20,4) para violência psicológica, 7,6% (IC95% 5,1–11,0) para a física e 2,7% (IC95% 1,4–5,2) para a sexual. A violência psicológica manteve-se associada a idade, renda familiar, início da vida sexual, doença na gravidez, desejo de interromper a gestação e número de parceiros. A violência física esteve associada a escolaridade, início da vida sexual e doença na gravidez. Já a violência sexual manteve-se associada a situação conjugal e desejo de interromper a gestação (p < 0,05). CONCLUSÕES: A violência psicológica perpetrada pelo parceiro íntimo foi a de maior prevalência entre as gestantes. Mulheres mais jovens, com menor renda e escolaridade, que iniciaram a vida sexual até os 14 anos e que desejaram interromper a gravidez vivenciaram com maior frequência a violência durante a gestação

Violência recorrente contra crianças: análise dos casos notificados entre 2011 e 2018 no Espírito Santo

Objective: To identify the frequency of reported cases and factors associated with recurrent childhood violence in Espírito Santo, Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study with cases notified in the Notifiable Diseases Information System between 2011-2018. Associations were tested using Pearson’s Chi-Square test and Poisson Regression stratified by sex. Results: The frequency of recurrent violence was 32.5%. In boys, it was associated with the child’s age (PR=1.38 – 95%CI 1.11;1.73) and the aggressor’s age (PR=1.85 – 95%CI 1.30;2.63) and the occurrence at home (PR=1.61 – 95%CI 1.23;2.11); in girls, it was associated with age (PR=1.39 – 95%CI 1.20;1.60) and the presence of disabilities/disorders in the victim (PR=1.43 – 95%CI 1.22;1.67), abusive parents (PR=3.70 – 95%CI 1.65;8.32) and occurrence at home (PR=1.39 – 95%CI 1.10;1.75). Conclusion: Recurrent violence was present in almost a third of the reports of violence against children in the state, requiring the recognition of its associated factors for the development of prevention policies.Objetivo: Identificar a frequência de casos notificados e fatores associados à violência recorrente na infância, estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com casos notificados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação em 2011-2018. As associações foram testadas pelo teste qui-quadrado de Pearson e regressão de Poisson estratificada por sexo. Resultados: A frequência de violência recorrente foi de 32,5%. Nos meninos, ela se associou às idades da criança (RP=1,38 – IC95% 1,11;1,73) e do agressor (RP=1,85 – IC95% 1,30;2,63), e à ocorrência na residência (RP=1,61 – IC95% 1,23;2,11); nas meninas, associou-se à idade (RP=1,39 – IC95% 1,20;1,60), presença de deficiência e/ou transtorno na vítima (RP=1,43 – IC95% 1,22;1,67), pais agressores (RP=3,70 – IC95% 1,65;8,32) e ocorrência na residência (RP=1,39 – IC95% 1,10;1,75). Conclusão: A violência recorrente apresentou-se em quase um terço das notificações de violência contra a criança no estado, sendo necessário o reconhecimento de seus fatores associados para a elaboração de políticas de prevençã

INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE AGAINST ADOLESCENTS: AN ANALYSIS OF THE CASES NOTIFIED IN THE STATE OF ESPÍRITO SANTO

Objective: to identify the notification frequency of interpersonal violence against adolescents in Espírito Santo, Brazil, and its associated factors.Method: a cross-sectional study conducted with data from the Information System on Notifiable Health Problems from 2011 to 2018. The associations were tested by means of Pearson's chi-square test and Poisson regression.Results: the frequency of interpersonal violence was 72.2%. The outcome was associated with male adolescents, aged from 10 to 12 years old, of black/brown race/skin color, with no disabilities/disorders, occurrence on public roads, and male aggressors who were suspected of alcohol consumption (p<0.05).Conclusion: interpersonal violence is a problem with severe implications throughout life. This study helps to reveal the importance of surveilling violence in order to know the magnitude of the problem, as well as its characteristics for health promotion, prevention of the events and due intervention

Association between perceived stress and history of intimate partner violence throughout life and during the COVID-19 pandemic

IntroductionIntimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a significant public health issue, characterized by being a highly stressful experience for its victims. The relationship between IPV and stress creates a harmful cycle with broad health implications, affecting individuals and society at large. Despite its significance, there's a noticeable lack of research on this topic, especially regarding IPV throughout one's life and during the pandemic.ObjectiveTo verify the association between perceived stress and the history of intimate partner violence throughout life and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Materials and methodsAnalytical cross-sectional epidemiological study with a sample of 1,086 women. Sociodemographic information and violence history, assessed using the World Health Organization Violence Against Women (WHO VAW STUDY), along with perceived stress measured by the short version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), were collected. The sampling process unfolded through multiple stages. For bivariate analyses, the t-test and ANOVA were performed, whereas for multivariate analyses simple and multiple linear regression were performed. The software Stata® version 15.1 and R® were used.ResultsWomen who reported having suffered intimate partner violence throughout their lives had higher means of stress (18.49), with an average increase of 4 points without adjustments and 3.5 points after adjustments for sociodemographic variables. Similarly, during the COVID-19 pandemic (19.01), stress increased by an average of 3.3 points, which was reduced to 2.8 points after adjustments.ConclusionThe results indicate an association between intimate partner violence and an increase in women's perceived stress, both throughout life and during the pandemic. The importance of preventive approaches, promoting gender equality and preventing IPV from the early stages of life is highlighted. In addition, they underscore the urgency of evidence-based interventions of a comprehensive nature to deal with this complex issue in a careful and effective manner. The cross-sectional nature of this study limits the inference of causality, and an additional limitation is acknowledged concerning information bias. This bias relates to the multifaceted issues surrounding the concept of violence, potentially influencing the accuracy of participants' information and complicating the measurement of violence

DIAGNÓSTICO DE CÁNCER DE MAMA: PERFIL SOCIOECONÓMICO, CLÍNICO, REPRODUCTIVO Y DEL COMPORTAMIENTO DE MUJERES

Estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, cujo objetivo foi traçar o perfil socioeconômico, clínico, comportamental e reprodutivo de mulheres do Município de São Mateus - Espírito Santo que vivenciaram o diagnóstico de câncer de mama no período de 2005 a 2010. Foram entrevistadas 23 mulheres, de janeiro a Abr de 2011. Aproximadamente 70% estavam na faixa etária de 36 a 49 anos e ≥ 60 anos; 60,9% eram casadas ou viviam em união consensual; 47,8% possuíam o ensino fundamental incompleto e 39,2% pertenciam à classe D; 26,1% possuíam histórico familiar de neoplasia mamária e 78,2% descobriram o câncer através do autoexame; 52,2% foram submetidas à cirurgia do tipo não conservadora; 87% já engravidaram e 60% tiveram a primeira gestação entre 20 a 29 anos; 78,3% realizavam o autoexame e 87% a mamografia. O estudo permitiu identificar demandas e comportamentos passíveis de mudanças. A descriptive study with a quantitative approach, whose objective was to outline the socio-economic, clinical, behavioral and reproductive profile of the women of the town of São Mateus – in the state of Espírito Santo who were living through the diagnosis of breast cancer in the period from 2005 to 2010. 23 women were interviewed, between January and April 2011. Approximately 70% were in the age range 36 to 49 and ≥ 60; 60,9% were married or cohabiting; 47.8% had not finished their primary education and 39,2% belonged to class D; 26,1% had a family history of mammary neoplasm and 78,2% had discovered the cancer through self-examination; 52,2% had undergone non-conservative surgery; 87% had already been pregnant and 60% had their first pregnancy between 20 and 29 years of age; 78,3% carried out self-examinations and 87% the mammography. The study allowed the identification of needs and behaviors which may be changed.Estudio descriptivo, con abordaje cuantitativo, cuyo objetivo fue trazar el perfil socioeconómico, clínico, del comportamiento y reproductivo de mujeres del Municipio de São Mateus - Espírito Santo, que tuvieron el diagnóstico de cáncer de mama en el periodo de 2005 a 2010. Fueron entrevistadas 23 mujeres, de enero a abril de 2011. Aproximadamente 70% estaban con edad entre 36 y 49 años y ≥ 60 años; 60,9% eran casadas o vivían en unión consensual; 47,8% tenían enseñanza fundamental incompleta y 39,2% pertenecian a la clase D; 26,1% poseían histórico familiar de neoplasia mamaria y 78,2% descubrieron el cáncer a través del autoexamen; 52,2% fueron sometidas a cirugía del tipo no conservadora; 87% ya se quedaron embarazadas y 60% tuvieron la primera gestación entre 20 y 29 años; 78,3% realizaban el autoexamen y 87% la mamografía. El estudio permitió identificar demandas y comportamientos pasibles de cambios

Violence against women: featuring the victim, aggression and the author

Objective: Describing the profile of violence against women regarding aggression, the socio-demographic characteristics of the victim and the perpetrator of the violence. Method: a transversal study of quantitative approach and descriptive analysis. The population consisted of 42 women victims of violence. Results: of the total 42 participants, prevailed in women aged 30-39 years old, with complete high school and family income of 1-3 minimum wages. The physical, psychological and moral violence prevailed in 26,2% of cases. The main offenders were the companions of those women, the home environment is the space where most attacks occur and jealousy was appointed as the main factor to unleash aggression. The attackers, mostly present among the age group 40-49 years old, and have had studied until elementary school. Conclusion: it notes the challenge and the responsibility of health professionals in the recognition and registration of cases seen in health services

Percepções das mulheres sobre a violência contra a mulher: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

Este artigo analisa as evidências presentes na literatura acerca das percepções das mulheres no que se refere à violência contra a mulher. Estudo de revisão integrativa em que foram identificados 12 artigos que compuseram a amostra do estudo, a partir das bases de dados BDENF, LILACS, MEDLINE, CINAHL e PUBMED, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Os resultados apontam a baixa percepção de mulheres sobre as situações vividas como violentas, sendo muitas vezes, complacentes e tolerantes à violência cometida por parceiro íntimo, percebendo-a como cultural e norma religiosa. Elas buscam encontrar justificativas para a agressão, reduzindo a responsabilidade do agressor o que dificulta ou retarda a tomada de decisão, que permite romper o ciclo de violência. Compreende-se ser necessário ampliar os estudos acerca deste tema.ResumenEste artículo analiza las evidencias encontradas en la literatura acerca de las percepciones de las mujeres sobre la violencia contra la mujer. Para esta revisión fueron identificados 12 artículos que conforman la muestra del estudio, a partir de las bases de datos BDENF, LILACS, MEDLINE, CINAHL, y PubMed. Se encontraron tres categorías: reconociendo y conviviendo con la violencia; sentimientos atribuidos y percepción de los motivos de la violencia. Los resultados apuntan a la baja percepción de las mujeres al respecto de las situaciones vividas como violentas siendo, muchas veces, complacientes y tolerantes a la violencia cometida por el compañero íntimo, percibiéndola como cultural y religiosa. Se comprende que es necesario ampliar los estudios sobre este tema, en los diferentes estados brasileños, una vez que la violencia contra la mujer constituye un fenómeno que alcanza todo el Brasil y que es percibido de forma multifacética y heterogénea

Nursing care to patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy

Objective: developing the main diagnoses and nursing interventions related to complications of radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer. Method: a descriptive study developed in three stages: literature review in the databases MEDLINE and LILACS; identification of complications reported at least in 50% of the articles, which were xerostomia and mucositis and composition of diagnoses and nursing interventions according to the International Classification for Nursing Practice. Results: there were formulated the diagnoses: "Low Salivation" and "Inflammation of the Oral Mucous Membrane" and 40 nursing interventions. Conclusion: this study contributed in the organization of nursing care through the use of a standardized terminology for diagnoses and nursing interventions that support the nursing consultation in the sector of radiotherapy

VIOLÊNCIA INTERPESSOAL CONTRA ADOLESCENTES: ANÁLISE DOS CASOS NOTIFICADOS NO ESTADO DO ESPÍRITO SANTO

Objetivo: identificar a frequência de notificação de violência interpessoal contra adolescentes no Espírito Santo – Brasil, e os fatores associados.Método: estudo transversal com dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos e Notificação de 2011 a 2018. As associações foram testadas pelo teste qui-quadrado de Pearson e regressão de Poisson.Resultados: a frequência de violência interpessoal foi de 72,2%. O desfecho esteve associado a adolescentes do sexo masculino; com idade de 10 a 12 anos; da raça/cor preta/parda; que não apresentavam deficiências/transtornos; à ocorrência em via pública; aos agressores do sexo masculino e que estavam sob suspeita de consumo de álcool (p< 0,05).Conclusão: a violência interpessoal é um agravo de sérias implicações ao longo da vida. Esse estudo contribui para revelar a importância da vigilância de violência, a fim de conhecer a magnitude do agravo, bem como suas características para promoção da saúde, prevenção do evento e intervenção

PERFIL DO PACIENTE OBESO SUBMETIDO À CIRURGIA BARIÁTRICA

Este es un estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo que tuvo el objetivo de trazar el perfil de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica en un hospital de enseñanza de Vitória – Espírito Santo, con base en la consulta a los prontuarios de 54 pacientes sometidos a cirugía de enero a diciembre de 2010. Se ha observado predominancia de mujeres, casadas, procedentes de la Región Metropolitana, con enseñanza media completa (37%) y renta mensual variando entre menos de un hasta tres sueldos mínimos (66,7%). La franja etaria más atendida fue de pacientes entre 26 y 35 años con media de edad de 37 años. Acerca de las comorbidades, 14 pacientes presentaban tres o más comorbidades asociadas a la obesidad y el Índice de Masa Corpórea arriba de 50 kg/m² fue identificado en 20 pacientes. Los resultados destacan la importancia de acciones para prevención de agravios delante de comorbidades asociadas a la obesidad.This retrospective and descriptive study aimed to outline the profile of patients receiving bariatric surgery in a teaching hospital in Vitória, in the state of Espirito Santo, based on examination of the patient health records of 54 patients who received the surgery between January and December 2010. It was observed that the majority were married women from the metropolitan region, who had completed high school (37%) and had a monthly income varying between less than one minimum salary and up to three minimum salaries (66.7%). The age range attended most was patients between 26 and 35 years of age, with an average age of 37. In relation to the co-morbidities, 14 patients had three or more co-morbidities associated with obesity, and a Body Mass Index over 50 kg/m² was identified in 20 patients. The results emphasize the importance of actions for preventing ill health in the face of the co-morbidities associated with obesity.Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo e descritivo com objetivo de traçar o perfil dos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica em um hospital de ensino de Vitória – Espírito Santo, a partir da consulta aos prontuários de 54 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de janeiro a dezembro de 2010. Observou-se predominância de mulheres, casadas, procedentes da Região Metropolitana, com ensino médio completo (37%) e renda mensal variando entre menos de um até três salários mínimos (66,7%). A faixa etária mais atendida foi de pacientes entre 26 a 35 anos com média de idade de 37 anos. Em relação às comorbidades, 14 pacientes apresentavam três ou mais comorbidades associadas à obesidade e o Índice de Massa Corpórea acima de 50 kg/m² foi identificado em 20 pacientes. Os resultados destacam a importância de ações para prevenção de agravos frente a comorbidades associadas à obesidade